9/24/2023 0 Comments Surface pro 4 hypePolyphenols are natural compounds that are released by plants on injury or infection with bacteria or fungi. Hence, there is a need to explore new therapeutic interventions that address not only the inflammatory process but also the oxidative stress, corneal nociception, and restore vitamin D levels. Tear substitution, vitamin supplementation, and antioxidants have been shown to ameliorate DED symptoms but not the underlying pathology. Since the disease primarily revolves around tear production and evaporation, tear supplementation, clearing of obstructed tear glands, surgical correction of eyelid abnormalities, and vitamin D supplementation are treatment options. Vitamin D insufficiency has also been shown to aggravate DED. Excessive ocular surface remodeling in a hyperosmolar environment with significant inflammation leads to corneal epithelial cell apoptosis, eventually giving rise to oxidative stress due to the production of reactive oxygen species and autophagy deregulation. The abnormal tear film initiates ocular surface inflammation and deranged nociception. The instability of the tear film triggers ocular surface damage that leads to further tear hyperosmolarity, increasing the flow of ions. Alterations in the tear film homeostasis caused by these several determinants lead either to reduced secretion of the tear fluid or higher tear fluid evaporation, the former called aqueous deficiency and the latter evaporative dry eye. Being a multifactorial disease, geographical location, climatic conditions, age, gender, lifestyle, systemic drugs, and ocular surgery are some contributory factors. The prevalence of DED ranges from 0.1% in European countries to 8.1% in USA to a staggering 32% in India. The “Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society” defined DED as a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by loss of homeostasis of the tear film, accompanied by ocular symptoms, and in which the tear film instability and hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abnormalities play etiological roles. In this review, we explore the potential of resveratrol in DED treatment based on various in vitro and in vivo studies.ĭry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular surface disorder that not only causes immense discomfort to the patient but can also affect vision in severe case. Resveratrol has not yet reached clinical application because of difficulty in deliverability and low bioavailability. Studies have also explored the beneficial effects of resveratrol in DED, making it as a promising therapeutic molecule. It has been shown to have beneficial effects in glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, uveitis, and diabetic retinopathy. Resveratrol, widely found in the skin of grapes and nuts, has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. One of the major drivers for DED is oxidative stress, and the polyphenol group of natural compounds has the potential to reduce the same. The current treatment modalities, artificial tear substitutes, and anti-inflammatory therapy are directed at dry eye symptoms. It is now becoming a public health concern because of our changing lifestyle and environment. Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial and common ophthalmic disease that has a tremendous effect on the quality of life.
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